Types of the interrogative sentences .Типы вопросительных предложений

Существуют следующие типы вопросительных предложений: общие, специальные к подлежащему и к другим членам предложения, альтернативные и разделительные.

General question (Общий вопрос)	Special question (Специальный вопрос)		Alternative question (Альтернативный вопрос)	Disjunctive question ( Разделительный вопрос)
	к подлежа­щему	к другим членам, предложения
Is he here?	Who is here?	Where is he?	Do you want tea or coffee?	You don’t drink coffee, do you?
Shall I read?	What is this?	What do you have?	Did you speak to them, or did he?	Pete doesn’t work hard, does he?
May I come in?	Who sees him?	What do you want?	Will you go there, or will your friend?	She didn’t go there, did she?
Does she sing at all?	Who saw him?	When will you see him?	Will he sing or dance?	You will do that, won’t you?
Did he see you?	Who can sing?	Why can’t you do that?	May I come in or may I not?	You have read it, haven’t you?

The structure of general question (Структура общего вопроса)

	0 Вспомогательный/ модальный глагол — 1-я часть сказуемого	1 Подлежащее	2-я часть сказуемого	3 Второстепенные члены
Глагол be	Is (Am/Are/Was/Were)	he	reading	your book?
Модальные глаголы	Must/May (Might)/Can (Could)/Shall (Should)	he	read	your book?
Вспомога­тельные глаголы will, have	Have (Has/Had)	you	written	this letter?
	Will (Would)	you	write	it?
Вспомога­тельный глагол do	Do	you	read	these books?
	Does	he	read	this newspaper?
	Did	she	write	this letter?

 

The structure of special question to the subject or to the attribute (Структура специального вопроса к подлежащему или к определению подлежащего)

Вопросительные слова Who/What вместо подлежащего	Сказуемое и другие второстепенные члены повествовательного предложения
Who	studies English?
	knows the answer?
Whose children	are playing there?
What	is lying on the table?
What	planes fly there?

 

The structure of special question to other parts of the sentence (Структура специального вопроса к другим членам предложения)

Question word (Вопросительное слово) Where (где), When (когда), How (как), How much/many (сколько), How long (как долго/сколько времени), Why (почему), What (что — к дополнению)	General question (Общий вопрос)
Where	did you get this book?
When	will you go there?
How	can we get it?
How many books	have you read?
How much water	did he drink?
In what way (How)	do you want to celebrate this day?
How long (How much time)	does it take you to get to the centre of the city?
Why	do you want to see him?
What	were you doing at 6 o’clock?
What language	does he study?

 

The structure of alternative question (Структура альтернативного вопроса)

General question	Conjunction (Союз) or	Alternative (Альтернатива)
Have you got a car	or	(Have you got) a motorbike?
Does he know English	or	(Does he know) German?

 

The structure of disjunctive question (Структура разделительного вопроса)

Affirmative sentence	Short general question
+	—
You work much,	don’t you?
We are students,	aren’t we?
NB! I am a teacher,	aren’t I?
—	+
You don’t work much,	do you?
We are not students,	are we?
I am not a teacher,	am I?

 

Answers to the questions (Ответы на вопросы)

General question (Общий вопрос)	Short answer (Краткий ответ)
Is this a plane?	Yes, it is.	No, it is not (isn’t).
Have you written it?	Yes, I have.	No, I have not (haven’t).
Does he know the answer?	Yes, he does.	No, he does not (doesn’t).
Do you know the answer?	Yes, I do.	No, I do not (don’t).
Did he go there?	Yes, he did.	No, he did not (didn’t).
Will you ask him?	Yes, I will.	No, I will not (won’t).

 

Alternative question		Answer
(Альтернативный вопрос)		(Ответ)
Is this a short story or a novel?	It is a short story.
Will you go there or will your friend?	My friend will.
Do you want tea or coffee?	Tea, please.

 

Disjunctive question	You agree	You disagree
(Разделительный вопрос)	(Вы согласны)	(Вы не согласны)
Your friend speaks English, doesn’t he?	Yes, he does.	No, he doesn’t.
You have finished your work, haven’t you?	Yes, I have.	No, I haven’t.
Your friend doesn’t speak English, does he?	No, he doesn’t.	Yes, he does.
You haven’t finished your work, have you?	No, I haven’t.	Yes, I have.